AskHN Digest

1. Ask HN: What’s a good laptop for software development at around $2k?

Top comment by JabavuAdams

** "I don't want to use a Mac" **

"I've had these problems with Mac"

Reasonable response: Cool, use what works for you. EDIT> Here are some suggestions that match your constraints.

Annoying response 1: You should reconsider because Mac works great for me.

Annoying response 2: Your problems aren't real problems.

Annoying response 3: Let's live debug your problems in this thread to see if they're real problems.

Guys. I mean. Seriously.

2. Ask HN: Internet magically gets faster when opening speedtest?

Top comment by ranger207

Yes, this is true. This is why Netflix runs fast.com: it serves Netflix content from Netflix servers, so if ISPs want to prioritize fast.com content they'll have to prioritize Netflix content as well. Of course, that doesn't help non-Netflix sites...

3. Ask HN: Am I going insane or is there genuinely no value in blockchain tech?

Top comment by paulsutter

The sole purpose of blockchain is to prevent double spending without a trusted party

Other proposed applications are mostly dumb / misguided, like immutable storage, social network posts, etc, these can be done with hashing or digital signatures alone

If you have a better way to avoid double spending than blockchain folks woukd get very excited. Traditional database can’t do that (requires a trusted party)

4. Ask HN: People who use different emails everywhere, who sold you to spammers?

Top comment by narag

I mostly use one single address, but I can tell you exactly where all the spam comes from: idiots whose name is the same as mine.

They give my address as if it belonged to them. Probably they created addresses like narag33@server and they believe that it's narag@server instead.

So not only I receive all the spam from dubious sites that they suscribed to, but also their legitimate mail from lists and friends.

My namesakes are idiots. But some of the companies responsible of the subscriptions, like Paypal, are assholes. They allow the creation of accounts without verifying the email, then refuse to admit it's their problem and do something about it.

5. Ask HN: MacBooks seems to be the only viable option these days

Top comment by uniqueuid

I may be an outlier, but for me, the problem with non-mac machines is that they seem just careless.

Steve jobs famously said "The only problem with Microsoft is they just have no taste.", and this seems true to me for almost all hardware manufacturers, and to a larger degree still for software.

Why does nobody care about creaking plastic? About sticky-feeling texture? About uneven weight distribution? About the sound that materials make when handling them? About flickering in software? About inconsistent spacing? About janky color combinations?

There has been amazing workmanship for thousands of years. The Minoan culture made golden jewellery out of sub-milimeter spheres. Why should we now tolerate the insult that consumer computers are?

6. Ask HN: Are there any rural tech communities?

Top comment by mdasen

> I've heard that people tend to be very different to those you find in a city

In a lot of cases this is true - and it's not just about tech. Rural communities are often more religious, more conservative, lower income, lower educated, and have a lot less access to opportunity. Cities also mean that there's often a critical mass for many interests and minority groups. Are you LGBT? Are you a religious or racial minority? Do you have hobbies that might be more unique? Cities have the critical mass for so many groups of people.

Before I go further, I want to take a moment to talk about three things: income, education, and opportunity. Someone lacking any or all of those doesn't make them a bad person. However, moving to an area without those things can have an impact on you. In the US, a lot of services are paid for by property taxes collected by the municipality and county. If you move to an area where people are struggling, there isn't the same kind of money for services - and even if your housing is cheaper, you'll be paying a lot more in taxes since you might be going from "above average" to "really rich". Education and opportunity can also be a problem. Do you end up in an area where many have resorted to meth or opioids? Do you end up in an area where chronic unemployment is an issue? Again, this isn't people being bad or anything like that, but it can cause fear and resentment.

There was an article (which I can't find right now) about the unionization drive at an Alabama Amazon fulfillment center. Amazon came into a town that basically hadn't had jobs and everyone was living pretty poorly. The article interviewed some people and the sentiment came across as people thinking that the place was dying and even if they wanted a union, they didn't want to risk going back to a place that was a disaster.

In rural communities with flood risks, FEMA has bought and demolished properties rather than pay to rebuild them. This ends up gutting the tax base and leaves the community as a shell of itself. If the main store in your town and 5-10% of the houses get bought and demolished, you still have the roads, police, etc. to pay for with a dwindling tax base - and less reason for you to be there.

https://mtgis-portal.geo.census.gov/arcgis/apps/MapSeries/in...

Check out the census map and select "Population Change" and then zoom in one level so it shows counties. Many rural areas have lost 10-30% of their population over a decade. It isn't fun to be a part of a dwindling tax base. A lot of expenses don't go down as that tax base goes down.

Along with this, I'd argue that there's a brain/income/opportunity-drain in a lot of rural communities. People who are richer, have more education, and more access to opportunity are more likely to leave. Are you buying into a location where the future isn't on your side?

If you're thinking about the next 20-40 years of your life, I'd argue you need to think about climate change and whether the US will continue to subsidize rural life. If we're going to get serious about climate change, will that mean $10 gas? Even with electric cars, the cost will increase. Will we continue to spend a fortune on roads and other accommodations for rural life? The US spends a huge amount of money on rural telecom infrastructure our of taxes on urban areas. Will places like Amazon start differentiating shipping pricing? It's a lot cheaper for them to deliver in cities where the distance between stops is small. I don't expect anything extreme, but if things are getting 1% worse every year, that starts to add up.

All that said, I do think that there are some good rural communities in New England - Central/Western Massachusetts and Vermont especially. You'll find high educational attainment, a population that is relatively stable, access to decent towns and cities, and a liberal enough attitude that won't expect you to conform to the hegemony as much as many rural places. Many of the Western Mass towns even have municipal fiber. I think you'd find enough tech workers around.

Honestly, it's hard to say whether a place would be a good fit for you since I know almost nothing about you. Are you white, male, straight, Christian, etc.? A lot of rural places can become easier if you tick those boxes. If you don't tick those boxes, then you might start wondering how you might be treated differently from living in the city.

It's also hard to know what you mean by "rural" since the distinction between suburban and rural is hard in the US. In Europe, things drop off to farmland very quickly. In the US, things just sprawl with no clear distinction. Is Saratoga Springs, NY rural? It's certainly a bit far from things and might be the "pastoral" feeling you're looking for, but it still has stuff around. Likewise, there are plenty of locations with very few people that might be an hour from a city like Boston. Boxborough, MA is an hour from Boston while covered in forest. I'd think of it as "suburban", but it might the rural/pastoral feel you're looking for while still being within commutable distance to everything.

Maybe you're looking for a place like Saratoga Springs or Ashville, NC or Burlington, VT or Charlottesville, VA. I think those places could be really nice. I would caution about moving to an area that is seeing a lot of population decline that has a big lack of opportunity.

7. Ask HN: Do you use an optimization solver? Which one? Do you like it?

Top comment by ta92834832

The history of state-of-the-art MIP solvers is fascinating. There are very few people in the world who can develop them, and there is a strong history of developers jumping ship from one company to another, tilting performance accordingly.

Initially, CPLEX and Xpress were founded in the eighties. In the nineties, CPLEX was acquired by ILOG (a French CP company), which in turn was purchased by IBM around 2009. Around the same time, the original technical co-founder of CPLEX, along with the two latest head developers, left CPLEX to found Gurobi. Since then, there has been a slow trickle of developers leaving CPLEX for Gurobi... until 2020, when CPLEX suddenly lost its 7 remaining devs over 6 months (because of catastrophic mismanagement at IBM, from what I heard). Unsurprisingly, those devs ended up mostly at Gurobi, resulting in the CPLEX team from 20 years ago being essentially Gurobi now. Other CPLEX devs also ended up at XPRESS, which had been purchased around 2008 by FICO (the credit rating company).

Meanwhile, there is also a smaller Danish company, Mosek, that does its own thing (they have a MIP solver, but their focus seems to be on their amazing conic optimization code). And SAS (the analytics giant) has a small MIP team too.

Then over the last 2 years, three new solvers appeared out of China: COPT (by Cardinal Operations, a startup by Stanford graduates), MindOpt (Alibaba Research) and OptVerse (Huawei). They mostly have LP solvers for now, but for newcomers, the performance is extremely impressive. This is only partially out of nowhere, though: COPT in particular has hired several devs from the incumbents.

On the academic side, ZIB (a PhD-granting research institute in Berlin) maintains a source-available family of solvers, and has been a steady provider of talent for commercial solvers. The dev behind SoPlex (LP solver) went to CPLEX after his PhD and now Gurobi. The main dev behind SCIP did the same, and is now VP of R&D at Gurobi. Many more XPRESS and Gurobi people did their PhDs at ZIB.

The Coin-OR open-source codes for LP (clp) and MIP (cbc) were written decades ago by a founding father of computational optimization, John Forrest, now retired from IBM research. Their source code is difficult to read, and Coin-OR aims to eventually replace them with a new code, HiGHS. The dev who wrote the simplex code of HiGHS as his PhD thesis went on to XPRESS and now COPT. The dev who writes the MIP code of HiGHS comes from ZIB.

As you can see, everyone is very inter-connected. Hence the throwaway :-).

8. Ask HN: Is Hybrid Working a Ruse?

Top comment by wokwokwok

An across the board, “2 days mandatory” is a brute force HR policy to appease management; a genuine intention to continue to support remote working indefinitely would be phrased differently, like:

Converting the office into a collaboration space for people who need a reliable internet connection and/or a less disruptive environment (ie. than a noisy family) to get work done in.

0 days mandatory in the office; days in the office by collaborative decision amongst teams.

It’s quite obvious if you’re in camp A or camp B.

If you don’t like it, just leave. Plenty of remote jobs open; the good thing about a remote first company is that they collaborate in person as required; not because it’s required by HR.

9. Ask HN: Best way to learn about computing history?

Top comment by BlasDeLezo

A Computer Called LEO, by Georgina Ferry. This book tells the story of how Lyons teashops created LEO, the first business computer. It also tells the story of early computing, from the Difference Engine of Charles Babbage to the codecracking computers at Bletchley Park and the ENIAC in the US, and the story of postwar British computer business.

10. Ask HN: How do you keep track of software requirements and test them?

Top comment by flyingfences

In a safety-critical industry, requirements tracking is very important. At my current employer, all of our software has to be developed and verified in accordance with DO-178 [0]. We have a dedicated systems engineering team who develop the system requirements from which we, the software development team, develop the software requirements; we have a dedicated software verification team (separate from the development team) who develop and execute the test suite for each project. We use Siemens's Polarion to track the links between requirements, code, and tests, and it's all done under the supervision of an in-house FAA Designated Engineering Representative. Boy is it all tedious, but there's a clear point to it and it catches all the bugs.

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DO-178C